Dr. MH. Nekoofar

DDS, MSc, DoIBoE, PhD

Tag: Ultrasonic Agitation

  • X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of MTA Mixed and Placed with Various Techniques

    Abstract

    Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various mixing techniques as well as the effect of ultrasonic placement on hydration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.

    Materials and Methods One gram of ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus powder was mixed with a 0.34-g of distilled water. Specimens were mixed either by mechanical mixing of capsules for 30 s at 4500 rpm or by manual mixing followed by application of a compaction pressure of 3.22 MPa for 1 min. The mixtures were transferred into the XRD sample holder with minimum pressure. Indirect ultrasonic activation was applied to half of the specimens. All specimens were incubated at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 4 days. Samples were analyzed by XRD. Phase identification was accomplished by use of search-match software utilizing International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD).

    Results All specimens comprised tricalcium silicate, calcium carbonate, and bismuth oxide. A calcium hydroxide phase was formed in all ProRoot specimens whereas among MTA Angelus groups, it was found only in the sample mixed mechanically and placed by ultrasonication.

    Conclusions Mechanical mixing followed by ultrasonication did not confer a significant disadvantage in terms of hydration characteristics of MTA.

    Clinical Relevance Clinicians vary in the way they mix and place MTA. These variations might affect their physical characteristics and clinical performance. For ProRoot MTA, the mixing and placement methods did not affect its rheological properties, whereas for MTA Angelus, mechanical mixing combined with ultrasonic placement enhanced the calcium hydroxide phase formation.

    Keywords: Calcium Hydroxide, MTA, Mechanical Mixing, Ultrasonic Agitation, X-ray diffraction Analysis, XRD.

     X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of MTA Mixed and Placed with Various Techniques.pdf

  • Effect of Varying Water-to-Powder Ratios and Ultrasonic Placement on the Compressive Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

    Abstract

    Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the compressive strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) when mixed with 2 different waterto-powder (WP) proportions using either hand or ultrasonic placement.

    Methods: Tooth-colored ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and white MTA Angelus (Angelus Soluc¸oes Odontologicas, Londrina, Brazil) were investigated. One gram of each MTA powder was mixed with either 0.34 or 0.40 g distilled water. The 4 groups were further divided into 2 groups of 5 specimens for each of the following techniques: conventional (ie, hand placement) and placement using indirect ultrasonic activation for 30 seconds.

    All specimens were subjected to compressive strength testing after 4 days. The results were statistically analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference tests at a significance level of P < .05.

    Results: The mean compressive strength values of ProRoot MTA (84.17±22.68) were significantly greater than those of MTA Angelus (47.71±14.29) (P < .01). Specimens mixed with the 0.34 WP ratio had higher compressive strength values (72.85±25.77) than those mixed with the 0.40 WP ratio (56.69±24.85) (P < .05). The highest compressive strength values were recorded for ProRoot MTA specimens that were mixed in the 0.34 WP ratio, and then the samples were placed with ultrasonic activation (mean = 91.35 MPa). The lowest values were recorded for MTA Angelus samples that were mixed in the 0.40 WP ratio, and the specimens were placed without ultrasonic activation (mean = 36.36 MPa). Ultrasonic activation had no significant difference in terms of compressive strength.

    Conclusions: When using ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus, higher WP ratios resulted in lower compressive strength values. Ultrasonication had no significant effect on the compressive strength of the material regardless of the WP ratio that was used. Therefore, adherence to the manufacturer’s recommended WP ratio when preparing MTA for use in dental applications is advised.

    Keywords: Compressive Strength, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Ultrasonic Agitation, Water-To-Powder Ratio.

     Effect of Varying Water-to-Powder Ratios and Ultrasonic.pdf

  • Effect of Various Mixing and Placement Techniques on the Flexural Strength and Porosity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical and manual mixing as well as the effect of ultrasonic agitation during placement on the flexural strength and porosity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methods White ProRoot MTA and white MTA Angelus were used. One gram of each powder was mixed with a 0.34-g aliquot of distilled water. Specimens were mixed either by mechanical mixing of capsules for 30 seconds at 4500 rpm or by a saturation technique and application of a condensation pressure of 3.22 MPa for 1 minute. The mixed slurries of all materials were loaded into 2  2  25 mm molds for testing flexural strength and 3  4 mm molds for evaluation of porosity. Half of the specimens were placed in the stainless steel molds by using indirect ultrasonic activation. All specimens were incubated for 4 days. Micro–computed tomography was used to determine the porosity of each specimen, and a 3-point bending test was used to evaluate flexural strength. Tukey honestly significant difference and independent t tests were carried out to compare the means at a significance level of P < .05. Results: Irrespective of mixing and placement techniques applied, the flexural strength values of ProRoot MTA were significantly greater than those of MTA Angelus (P < .05). A medium negative correlation was found between flexural strength values and total porosity percentage. Conclusions: Although mechanical mixing of encapsulated cements was quicker and provided more consistent mixes, this technique along with ultrasonic agitation was not associated with a significant advantage in terms of flexural strength and total porosity over manual mixing. (J Endod 2014;40:441–445)

     Effect of Various Mixing and Placement Techniques on the.pdf

  • The Effect of Various Mixing and Placement Techniques on the Compressive Strength of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various mixing techniques including mechanical and manual mixing as well as the effect of ultrasonic agitation during placement on the compressive strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methods: Toothcolored ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and white MTA Angelus (Angelus Soluc¸~oes Odontologicas, Londrina, Brazil) were used. One gram of each powder was mixed with a 0.34-g aliquot of distilled water. Specimens were mixed either by mechanical mixing of capsules for 30 seconds at 4,500 rpm or by a saturation technique and the application of a condensation pressure of 3.22 MPa for 1 minute. Half of the specimens were placed in stainless steel molds and agitated using indirect ultrasonic activation. All specimens were subjected to compressive strength testing after 4 days.
    Results: The compressive strength values of ProRoot MTA were significantly greater than those of MTA Angelus (P < .05). The highest compressive strength values were recorded from ProRoot MTA samples that were mixed mechanically and placed using ultrasonic activation (mean = 101.71 MPa), whereas the lowest values were recorded for MTA Angelus samples that were mixed manually and placed without ultrasonic activation (mean = 53.47 MPa). Ultrasonically agitated groups had higher compressive strength values (P < .001). The specimens mixed mechanically had higher compressive strength values than those mixed manually (P < .05). Conclusions: The compressive strength values of ProRoot MTA were significantly greater than those of MTA Angelus. Mechanical mixing enhanced the compressive strength of the material. Regardless of the mixing techniques applied, ultrasonic agitation improved the compressive strength of the material. (J Endod 2013;39:111–114)

     The Effect of Various Mixing and Placement Techniques on.pdf